Family Cemetery on Bike Trail in Peachtree City Ga
| Columbus, Georgia | |
|---|---|
| Consolidated urban center-county | |
| Columbus Consolidated Government | |
 Downtown skyline on the banks of the Chattahoochee River | |
| Flag Seal | |
| Nicknames: The Fountain City or The Lowell of the South | |
| Motto(s): We Do Astonishing | |
 Location within Georgia | |
| Columbus Location within the state of Georgia Show map of Georgia Columbus Location within the Us Show map of the United states | |
| Coordinates: 32°29′32″Due north 84°56′25″W / 32.49222°North 84.94028°Westward / 32.49222; -84.94028 Coordinates: 32°29′32″N 84°56′25″W / 32.49222°N 84.94028°West / 32.49222; -84.94028 | |
| Country |  Us |
| State |  Georgia |
| County | Muscogee |
| Founded | 1828 |
| Named for | Christopher Columbus |
| Regime | |
| • Mayor | B. H. "Skip" Henderson Iii |
| • City Managing director | Isaiah Hugley |
| Area [1] | |
| • Consolidated metropolis-canton | 221.01 sq mi (572.42 km2) |
| • Country | 216.50 sq mi (560.73 kmii) |
| • H2o | iv.51 sq mi (xi.68 km2) |
| Elevation | 243 ft (74 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Consolidated city-county | 206,922 |
| • Rank | 112th in the United states of america 2nd in Georgia |
| • Density | 955.76/sq mi (369.02/kmii) |
| • Metro [two] | 328,883 (157th) |
| Demonym(s) | Columbusite |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
| • Summertime (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Null codes | 31820, 31829, 31900–09, 31914, 31917, 31993–94, 31997–99 |
| Area code(due south) | 706, 762 |
| FIPS code | thirteen-19007 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0331158[iii] |
| Airdrome | Columbus Airport (CSG) |
| Website | City of Columbus |
Columbus is a consolidated city-county located on the westward-fundamental border of the U.S. land of Georgia. Columbus lies on the Chattahoochee River direct beyond from Phenix Metropolis, Alabama. It is the county seat of Muscogee Canton, with which it officially merged in 1970.[4] Columbus is the second-largest city in Georgia (after Atlanta), and fields the state'due south fourth-largest metropolitan expanse. According to the 2020 United states of america census, Columbus has a population of 206,922 residents,[v] with 328,883 in the Columbus metropolitan surface area.[2] The metro area joins the nearby Alabama cities of Auburn and Opelika to form the Columbus–Auburn–Opelika Combined Statistical Surface area, which has an estimated population of 486,645 in 2019, co-ordinate to the U.S. Census Bureau.[6]
Columbus lies 100 miles (160 km) southwest of Atlanta. Fort Benning, the United states of america Army'south Maneuver Center of Excellence and a major employer, is located s of the city in southern Muscogee and Chattahoochee counties. Columbus is home to museums and tourism sites, including the National Infantry Museum, dedicated to the U.South. Regular army's Infantry Branch. Information technology has the longest urban whitewater rafting form in the world constructed on the Chattahoochee River.
History [edit]
Beginnings [edit]
This was for centuries and more than the traditional territory of the Creek Indians, who became known equally one of the Five Civilized Tribes of the Southeast after European contact. Those who lived closest to white-occupied areas conducted considerable trading and adopted some European-American ways.
Founded in 1828 by an act of the Georgia Legislature, Columbus was situated at the beginning of the navigable portion of the Chattahoochee River and on the last stretch of the Federal Road before entering Alabama. The city was named for Christopher Columbus. The programme for the city was drawn upwardly by Dr. Edwin L. DeGraffenried, who placed the boondocks on a bluff overlooking the river. Across the river to the west, where Phenix Metropolis, Alabama, is now located, lived several tribes of the Creek and other Georgia and Alabama indigenous peoples. Most Creeks moved westward with the 1826 Treaty of Washington. Those that stayed and fabricated war were forcibly removed in 1836.[7]
The river served equally Columbus's connection to the globe, particularly enabling it to transport its commodity cotton crops from the plantations to the international cotton market via New Orleans and ultimately Liverpool, England. The metropolis's commercial importance increased in the 1850s with the arrival of the railroad. In add-on, textile mills were adult along the river, bringing manufacture to an area reliant upon agronomics. By 1860, the metropolis was one of the more important industrial centers of the South, earning it the nickname the Lowell of the Due south, referring to an important textile mill town in Massachusetts.[viii]
Civil War and Reconstruction [edit]
An 1863 broadside published in Columbus alarm of an impending attack
When the Civil War broke out in 1861, the industries of Columbus expanded their product; this became one of the almost important centers of industry in the Confederacy. During the war, Columbus ranked 2d to Richmond in the industry of supplies for the Confederate army. The Eagle Manufacturing Company made various textiles, particularly woolens for Confederate uniforms. The Columbus Fe Works manufactured cannons and machinery for the nearby Confederate Navy shipyard, Greenwood and Greyness made firearms, and Louis and Elias Haimon produced swords and bayonets. Smaller firms provided boosted munitions and sundries. As the war turned in favor of the Union, each industry faced exponentially growing shortages of raw materials and skilled labor, as well as worsening fiscal opportunities.[9] [10]
Unaware of Lee'southward give up to Grant and the bump-off of Abraham Lincoln, Union and Confederates clashed in the Battle of Columbus, Georgia, on Easter Sunday, April 16, 1865, when a Matrimony detachment of two cavalry divisions nether Maj. Gen. James H. Wilson attacked the lightly defended city and burned many of the industrial buildings. John Stith Pemberton, who later developed Coca-Cola in Columbus, was wounded in this battle. Col. Charles Augustus Lafayette Lamar, possessor of the last slave send in America, was also killed here. A celebrated marker erected in Columbus notes that this was the site of the "Last Land Boxing in the War from 1861 to 1865".
Reconstruction began almost immediately and prosperity followed. Factories such equally the Hawkeye and Phenix Mills were revived and the industrialization of the boondocks led to rapid growth, causing the city to outgrow its original plan. The Springer Opera House was congenital during this time, attracting such notables as Irish writer Oscar Wilde. The Springer is now the official State Theater of Georgia.
By the time of the Spanish–American State of war, the urban center's modernization included the add-on of a new waterworks, likewise as trolleys extending to outlying neighborhoods such as Rose Hill and Lakebottom. Mayor Lucius Chappell also brought a preparation camp for soldiers to the surface area. This training army camp, named Army camp Benning, grew into present-day Fort Benning, named for General Henry L. Benning, a native of the city.
Amalgamated Memorial Solar day [edit]
In the spring of 1866, the Ladies Memorial Clan of Columbus passed a resolution to prepare aside i day annually to memorialize the Amalgamated dead. The secretary of the association, Mrs. Charles J. Williams, was directed to write a letter of the alphabet inviting the ladies of every Southern state to join them in the observance.[11] The letter was written in March 1866 and sent to representatives of all of the principal cities in the Southward, including Atlanta, Macon, Montgomery, Memphis, Richmond, St. Louis, Alexandria, Columbia, and New Orleans. This was the starting time of the influential piece of work by ladies' organizations to honor the state of war dead.
The appointment for the holiday was selected by Elizabeth Rutherford Ellis.[12] She chose Apr 26, the first anniversary of Confederate General Johnston's concluding surrender to Matrimony General Sherman at Bennett Place, North Carolina. For many in the South, that human activity marked the official terminate of the Ceremonious War.[11]
In 1868, General John A. Logan, commander in principal of the Spousal relationship Civil War Veterans Fraternity called the Grand Army of the Republic, launched the Memorial Day holiday that is at present observed across the unabridged U.s.a.. General Logan's wife said he had borrowed from practices of Confederate Memorial Day. She wrote that Logan "said it was not too tardily for the Union men of the nation to follow the example of the people of the South in perpetuating the retention of their friends who had died for the crusade they thought just and right."[xiii]
While two dozen cities beyond the country claim to have originated the Memorial Day vacation, Bellware and Gardiner firmly institute that the holiday began in Columbus. In The Genesis of the Memorial Solar day Holiday in America, they show that the Columbus Ladies Memorial Clan's call to observe a day annually to decorate soldiers' graves inaugurated a movement first in the South and then in the North to honor the soldiers who died during the Civil War.[14]
20th century [edit]
With the expansion of the city, leaders established Columbus Higher, a two-twelvemonth institution, which afterward evolved into Columbus Land University, at present a comprehensive center of college learning and part of the Academy Arrangement of Georgia.
The city regime and the county consolidated in 1971, the first such consolidation in Georgia and ane of merely sixteen in the U.S. at the time.
Columbus, Georgia: the Place with the Power and the Push
Expanding on its industrial base of textile mills, the urban center is the home of the headquarters for Aflac, Synovus, and TSYS.
The Muscogee County Courthouse in 1941, which was demolished in 1973.
From the 1960s through the 1980s, the subsidized construction of highways and suburbs resulted in drawing off the middle and upper classes, with urban blight, white flight, and prostitution in much of downtown Columbus and adjacent neighborhoods. Early efforts to halt the gradual deterioration of downtown began with the saving and restoration of the Springer Opera Business firm in 1965. It was designated as the Country Theatre of Georgia, helping spark a motion to preserve the metropolis'south history. This effort has documented and preserved various historic districts in and effectually downtown.
Through the late 1960s and early on 1970s, large residential neighborhoods were built to accommodate the soldiers coming back from the Vietnam War and for those associated with Fort Benning. These range from Wesley Woods to Leesburg to Brittney and Willowbrook and the high-end Sears Woods and Windsor Park. Large tracts of blighted areas were cleaned up. A modern Columbus Consolidated Regime Center was constructed in the city center. A meaning period of urban renewal and revitalization followed in the mid- to late 1990s.
With these improvements, the city has attracted residents and businesses to formerly fated areas. Municipal projects take included structure of a softball complex, which hosted the 1996 Olympic softball competition; the Chattahoochee RiverWalk; the National Civil War Naval Museum at Port Columbus; and the Coca-Cola Space Scientific discipline Center. Other notable projects were the expansion of the Columbus Museum and road improvements to include a new downtown bridge crossing the Chattahoochee River and into Phenix Metropolis. During the belatedly 1990s, commercial activeness expanded north of downtown along the I-185 corridor.
Folder of souvenir postcards of Columbus and Fort Benning, Georgia
21st century [edit]
During the 2000s, the city began a major initiative to revitalize the downtown expanse. The project began with the Due south Commons, an expanse s of downtown containing the softball complex, A. J. McClung Memorial Stadium, Gold Park, the Columbus Civic Middle, and the Jonathan Hatcher Skateboard Park. The National Infantry Museum was synthetic in South Columbus, located outside the Fort Benning main gate.
In 2002, Columbus Land Academy, which previously faced expansion limits due to existing residential and commercial districts surrounding information technology, began a second campus downtown, starting past moving the music section into the newly-opened RiverCenter for the Performing Arts. The academy's art, drama, and nursing departments also moved to downtown locations. Such initiatives have provided Columbus with a cultural niche; downtown features modern architecture mixed amidst older brick facades.
The Prepare to Raft 2012 project created an estimated 700 new jobs and is projected to bring in $42 million annually to the Columbus surface area. Demolishing an up-river dam allowed the project to construct the longest urban whitewater rafting course in the world.[15] According to the Columbus Convention and Visitors Bureau, this initiative, in addition to other outdoor and indoor tourist attractions, led to around 1.eight million visitors coming to Columbus during the metropolis'southward 2015 fiscal twelvemonth.[16]
In upcoming years, the city predicts that an additional 30,000 soldiers will be trained annually at Fort Benning due to base realignment and closure of other facilities.[17] As a upshot, Columbus is expected to experience a major population increase.
Geography [edit]
Columbus is one of Georgia's iii Fall Line Cities, along with Augusta and Macon. The Fall Line is where the hilly lands of the Piedmont plateau come across the flat terrain of the littoral plain. As such, Columbus has a varied landscape of rolling hills on the due north side and flat plains on the south. The fall line causes rivers in the expanse to pass up rapidly towards sea level. Textile mills were established hither in the 19th and early 20th centuries to accept advantage of the water ability from the falls.
Interstate 185 runs north-south through the centre of the city, with nine exits within Muscogee County. I-185 runs n most 50 mi (80 km) from its beginning to a junction with I-85 but east of LaGrange and virtually 60 mi (97 km) southwest of Atlanta. U.S. Route 27, U.S. Route 280, and Georgia State Route 520 (known equally South Georgia Parkway) all come across in the interior of the urban center. U.Southward. Route fourscore runs through the northern part of the metropolis, locally known every bit J.R. Allen Parkway; Alternate U.S. Road 27 and Georgia Country Route 85 run northeast from the city, locally known equally Manchester Expressway.
The metropolis is located at 32°29′23″N 84°56′26″W / 32.489608°N 84.940422°West / 32.489608; -84.940422 .[eighteen]
According to the US Census Bureau, the city has a full area of 221.0 foursquare miles (572 km2), of which 216.3 foursquare miles (560 km2) are land and 4.7 square miles (12 km2) (2.14%) are covered by h2o.
Climate [edit]
Columbus has a boiling subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa). Daytime summer temperatures frequently reach highs in the mid-90°Fs, and low temperatures in the winter average in the upper 30s. Columbus is ofttimes considered a dividing line or "natural snowline" of the southeastern United States with areas northward of the city receiving snowfall annually, with areas to the south typically not receiving snowfall every year or at all. Columbus is inside USDA hardiness zone 8b in the city center and zone 8a in the suburbs.
| Climate data for Columbus Metropolitan Airport, Georgia (1991–2020 normals,[19] extremes 1891–nowadays) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | April | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | December | Year |
| Tape high °F (°C) | 84 (29) | 84 (29) | 92 (33) | 95 (35) | 100 (38) | 106 (41) | 105 (41) | 104 (40) | 106 (41) | 101 (38) | 88 (31) | 84 (29) | 106 (41) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 74 (23) | 77 (25) | 84 (29) | 87 (31) | 93 (34) | 97 (36) | 99 (37) | 98 (37) | 95 (35) | 88 (31) | 81 (27) | 75 (24) | 100 (38) |
| Boilerplate loftier °F (°C) | 58.seven (14.eight) | 63.2 (17.3) | seventy.4 (21.iii) | 77.7 (25.4) | 85.i (29.v) | 90.2 (32.3) | 92.9 (33.8) | 91.8 (33.2) | 87.three (thirty.7) | 78.iii (25.7) | 68.iv (xx.2) | 60.vi (15.9) | 77.0 (25.0) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 48.5 (9.ii) | 52.3 (eleven.three) | 58.ix (14.9) | 65.viii (18.viii) | 74.1 (23.four) | eighty.4 (26.9) | 83.2 (28.4) | 82.iv (28.0) | 77.half dozen (25.3) | 67.6 (19.8) | 57.3 (fourteen.ane) | l.6 (ten.3) | 66.half dozen (19.2) |
| Boilerplate low °F (°C) | 38.2 (3.4) | 41.5 (5.three) | 47.3 (viii.5) | 54.0 (12.ii) | 63.1 (17.3) | seventy.five (21.4) | 73.5 (23.1) | 73.0 (22.eight) | 67.9 (nineteen.9) | 56.8 (13.8) | 46.1 (7.viii) | twoscore.6 (4.8) | 56.0 (13.3) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 21 (−6) | 26 (−3) | 31 (−one) | 39 (four) | 49 (9) | 62 (17) | 68 (xx) | 66 (19) | 56 (13) | 41 (5) | xxx (−1) | 25 (−4) | 19 (−7) |
| Record depression °F (°C) | −ii (−19) | −3 (−nineteen) | xvi (−9) | 28 (−two) | 39 (four) | 44 (7) | 59 (15) | 57 (14) | 38 (three) | 24 (−four) | 10 (−12) | 4 (−16) | −3 (−19) |
| Boilerplate precipitation inches (mm) | 4.24 (108) | 4.46 (113) | 4.92 (125) | 4.03 (102) | three.24 (82) | 4.03 (102) | 4.35 (110) | 4.68 (119) | 3.34 (85) | two.78 (71) | 3.96 (101) | 4.79 (122) | 48.82 (i,240) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.ii (0.51) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.3 (0.76) | 0.v (i.iii) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.two | 8.9 | 9.four | 8.0 | 7.viii | 10.4 | 11.eight | 11.2 | seven.0 | 6.v | 7.3 | ten.2 | 108.7 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.ane | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
| Source: NOAA[20] [21] | |||||||||||||
Cityscape [edit]
One of Columbus' nicknames is "The Fountain City".
Columbus is divided into five geographic areas:
- Downtown, also sometimes chosen "Uptown" (though "Uptown" is actually the title given to both a nonprofit organization operating to encourage area growth and development or "urban renewal" in the city and also to the bodily physical area of that development itself, which is an expanding subsection of the downtown commune located in the areas from Broadway to the Chattahoochee River[22]) is the city's central business commune, and dwelling house to multiple historic districts, homes, and churches, such equally the Columbus Historic Riverfront Industrial District, the Mott House, and the Church building of the Holy Family unit.
- East Columbus is a predominantly residential area located east of MidTown.
- MidTown is a residential and commercial expanse located directly east of Downtown; several historic districts have been designated. It is the location of the corporate headquarters of Aflac.
- North Columbus, too chosen Northside, is a diverse suburban area, habitation to established neighborhoods and subdivisions, such every bit Light-green Island Hills and Oldtown. It has multiple shopping and lifestyle areas.
- South Columbus is situated just due south of the MidTown region, and directly northward of Fort Benning. It is the site of the National Infantry Museum, honoring the history of infantry forces in the U.S. Army. The museum was located hither in an endeavour to introduce jobs and attract visitors to stimulate a diverseness of activities. It has had confined, honky tonks, and other businesses that appeal to young male soldiers from Fort Benning.
Surrounding cities and towns [edit]
The Columbus Metropolitan Area includes 4 counties in Georgia, and ane in Alabama. The Columbus-Auburn-Opelika, GA-AL Combined Statistical Surface area includes ii additional counties in Alabama. A 2013 Census estimate showed 316,554 in the metro expanse, with 501,649 in the combined statistical area.
Demographics [edit]
| Historical population | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1830 | i,152 | — | |
| 1840 | 3,114 | 170.3% | |
| 1850 | v,942 | 90.eight% | |
| 1860 | 9,621 | 61.9% | |
| 1870 | 7,401 | −23.ane% | |
| 1880 | 10,123 | 36.viii% | |
| 1890 | 17,303 | lxx.9% | |
| 1900 | 17,614 | 1.viii% | |
| 1910 | 20,554 | 16.7% | |
| 1920 | 31,125 | 51.4% | |
| 1930 | 43,131 | 38.6% | |
| 1940 | 53,280 | 23.five% | |
| 1950 | 79,611 | 49.4% | |
| 1960 | 116,779 | 46.7% | |
| 1970 | 155,028 | 32.eight% | |
| 1980 | 169,441 | 9.three% | |
| 1990 | 178,681 | 5.5% | |
| 2000 | 186,291 | 4.3% | |
| 2010 | 189,885 | 1.9% | |
| 2020 | 206,922 | 9.0% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[23] 2010–2020[5] | |||
| Racial composition | 2010[24] | 1990[25] | 1970[25] | 1950[25] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| White | 46.3% | 58.9% | 73.iii% | 68.8% |
| —Non-Hispanic whites | 43.7% | 57.five% | 72.2%[26] | due north/a |
| Black or African American | 45.five% | 38.1% | 26.2% | 31.2% |
| Hispanic or Latino (of whatever race) | half-dozen.4% | iii.0% | 1.4%[26] | n/a |
| Asian | 2.ii% | 1.four% | 0.2% | — |
Map of racial distribution in Columbus, 2010 U.S. Census. Each dot is 25 people: White , Black , Asian , Hispanic or Other (yellow)
Satellite image of Columbus
2020 census [edit]
| Race | Num. | Perc. |
|---|---|---|
| White (non-Hispanic) | 79,083 | 38.22% |
| Blackness or African American (non-Hispanic) | 94,701 | 45.77% |
| Native American | 488 | 0.24% |
| Asian | five,546 | 2.68% |
| Pacific Islander | 517 | 0.25% |
| Other/Mixed | 10,074 | 4.87% |
| Hispanic or Latino | 16,513 | vii.98% |
Equally of the 2020 U.s. census, there were 206,922 people, 73,134 households, and 45,689 families residing in the city.
2010 census [edit]
As of the 2010 U.Southward. Census, Columbus had a total population of 189,885, up from 186,291 in the 2000 Demography. The 2010 Census reported 189,885 people, 72,124 households, and 47,686 families residing in the city. The population density was 861.iv people per square mile (332.6/kmii). The 82,690 housing units had an average density of 352.3 per square mile (136.0/km2). The racial makeup of the urban center was 46.three% White, 45.5% African American, 2.2% Asian, 0.2% Native American, 0.14% Pacific Islander, and 1.90% from other races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 6.4% of the population.
Of the 69,819 households, 34.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.7% were married couples living together, 19.6% had a female householder with no husband nowadays, and 31.7% were notfamilies; 26.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.iv% had someone living alone who was 65 years of historic period or older. The boilerplate household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.08.
In the metropolis, the population was distributed equally 25.6% under the age of eighteen, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 29.8% from 25 to 44, 19.seven% from 45 to 64, and 11.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median historic period was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 94.seven males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, at that place were 91.half dozen males.
The median income for a household in the city was $41,331, and for a family was 41,244. Males had a median income of $30,238 versus $24,336 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,514. About 12.viii% of families and 15.7% of the population were beneath the poverty line, including 22.0% of those under age xviii and 12.1% of those age 65 or over.
Faith [edit]
Columbus has roughly 200 Christian churches, with the Southern Baptist Convention existence the largest denomination by number of churches.[28] Columbus is too home to three Kingdom Halls for Jehovah's Witnesses, and one Greek Orthodox Church. Other religions are represented by two synagogues, 2 Seventh-day Adventist churches, three mosques, a Hindu temple (the latter two reflecting an increasing number of immigrants in the region from Asia), and a Unitarian Universalist congregation.
Economic system [edit]
Companies headquartered in Columbus include Aflac, TSYS, Realtree, Synovus, and the W. C. Bradley Co.
Top employers [edit]
Co-ordinate to Columbus' 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[29] the top employers in the metropolis are:
| # | Employer | # of employees |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Fort Benning | 38,958 |
| 2 | Muscogee Canton School District | 6,300 |
| iii | TSYS | iv,690 |
| 4 | Aflac | 3,670 |
| 5 | Columbus Regional Healthcare System | 3,180 |
| vi | St. Francis Hospital, Inc. | 3,000 |
| vii | Columbus Consolidated Regime | two,910 |
| 8 | Blue Cross Blueish Shield of Georgia (part of Anthem) | i,650 |
| 9 | Columbus Land Academy | 1,360 |
| x | Pratt & Whitney | ane,200 |
Arts and civilisation [edit]
Postcard Hello from Columbus, GA
Points of interest [edit]
Museums [edit]
- Founded in 1953, the Columbus Museum (accredited by the American Brotherhood of Museums) contains artifacts of regional history and works of American fine art. It mounts displays from its permanent drove, equally well equally temporary exhibitions. It is the largest art and history museum in Georgia.
- Moved from its previous location in Lumpkin, GA, Columbus is now dwelling to Celebrated Westville.[xxx] With 17 buildings currently on site and interpreters throughout the village (such as our blacksmith and carpenter), guests will be able to go along a self-guided tour learning about the homes and crafts that would be establish in the 19th century.
- Columbus is home to the National Civil State of war Naval Museum at Port Columbus, a twoscore,000-foursquare-foot (3,700 m²) facility that opened in 1962. Information technology features two original Ceremonious War military vessels, uniforms, equipment, and weapons used by the Union and Amalgamated navies.
- The Coca-Cola Space Science Center opened in 1996 for the purpose of public education in science, physics, and astronomy. It includes four flight simulators and a planetarium.[31]
- The National Infantry Museum and Soldier Center opened in June 2009; information technology includes displays related to the history of the infantry from the founding of the nation to the present. Its IMAX theatre is used to show related films and special productions.
- The Bo Bartlett Middle is a xviii,000+ square foot museum and gallery space. The venue features a permanent brandish of large-scale paintings by Columbus native Bo Bartlett, besides as rotating exhibitions by renowned contemporary artists.[32]
- The Westward.C. Bradley Museum is an xi,000 square foot art museum that features the art collection of the W.C. Bradley Company.[33] Notable artists in the collection include Bo Bartlett and Garry Pound.
Postcard of 1011 Broadway
Shopping [edit]
Columbus is served past one major indoor shopping mall, Peachtree Mall, which is anchored past major department stores Dillard's, Macy'southward, and J.C. Penney. The total retail flooring area is 821,000 ftwot (76,300 mii). Major strip malls include Columbus Park Crossing, which opened in 2003, and The Landings, which opened in 2005. Columbus is also served past The Shoppes at Bradley Park, a lifestyle center.
MidTown contains two of the urban center's early suburban shopping centers (the Village on 13th and St. Elmo), both recently renovated and offering local shops, restaurants, and services.
Major venues [edit]
Beneath is the listing of major venues in the city of Columbus:
- A. J. McClung Memorial Stadium, a football stadium, was the site of the football game games between the Georgia Bulldogs and the Auburn Tigers (the Deep South's Oldest Rivalry) from 1916 to 1958. It became the home of higher football'southward Pioneer Basin in Dec 2010, and hosts annual rivalry games between Tuskegee University and Morehouse College, equally well as between Albany State University and Fort Valley State University.
- The Bradley Theater, a performance theatre, was opened in mid-1940 by Paramount Pictures.
- Columbus Civic Centre, a 10,000-seat multi-purpose loonshit that opened in 1996. Information technology is the primary arena used for concert and professional sporting events in Columbus. The Columbus Lions indoor football team and Columbus River Dragons ice hockey team both telephone call the Civic Center home.
- Aureate Park, a 5,000 seat baseball game stadium, is the old home to the Columbus Catfish and the modest-league Columbus Redstixx. It was also the site of the softball events of the 1996 Summer Olympics that were held in the city of Columbus. It opened in 1926, making it the oldest baseball park in the metropolis.
- RiverCenter for the Performing Arts, a ii,000-seat modern functioning theatre, starting time opened in 2002 and is operated by the Columbus nonprofit organization RiverCenter Inc. The theatre is commonly used for local events, and occasionally used for nationally recognized performances.
- Springer Opera House, a historic live performance theater located in downtown, opened in early 1871. Former U.s.a. President Jimmy Carter proclaimed information technology the State Theatre of Georgia for the 1971–72 season. The legislature made the designation permanent in 1992.[34]
Historic districts [edit]
Columbus is home to ix celebrated districts, all listed in the National Register of Historic Places listings in Muscogee County, Georgia. They are:
- Bibb Metropolis Historic District
- Columbus Celebrated District
- Columbus Historic Riverfront Industrial District
- Dinglewood Historic Commune
- Peacock Woods-Dimon Circle Celebrated Commune
- Weracoba-St. Elmo Celebrated District
- Wynn's Loma-Overlook-Oak Circumvolve Historic Commune
- Wynnton Hamlet Historic District
- Waverly Terrace Historic District
Columbus, Georgia : the electric metropolis / complied and Published Under the Direction of The Convention and Publicity Bureau, Sleeping room of Commerce, Columbus, Georgia
Sports [edit]
| Guild | Sport | League | Venue |
|---|---|---|---|
| Columbus Lions | Indoor football game | National Arena League | Columbus Civic Center |
| Columbus River Dragons | Hockey | Federal Prospects Hockey League | Columbus Civic Center |
| Columbus Chatt-a-Hoots | Baseball | Sunbelt Baseball game League | Golden Park |
| Columbus Rapids | Indoor Soccer | National Indoor Soccer League | Columbus Civic Eye |
Parks and recreation [edit]
Whitewater kayaking in the Chattahoochee River
Columbus is home to upwards of l parks, four recreation centers, four senior centers and parks, and Standing Boy Creek Wild fauna Direction Area.
Walking trails [edit]
- The Chattahoochee RiverWalk is a fifteen-mile (24 km) walking/bicycle trail that connects users from Downtown to South Columbus and the northern section of Fort Benning.
- The Columbus Autumn Line Trace is an 11-mile (18 km) fitness trail that runs from Downtown to the northeastern section of the city.[35]
- The Black Heritage Trail is a National Recreation Trail of historic and cultural significance.[36]
Whitewater kayaking, rafting, and goose egg-line [edit]
The Chattahoochee River whitewater opened in 2012. Later on both the Eagle & Phenix Dam and the City Mills Dams were breached, river menstruation was restored to natural conditions, allowing the course to be created. The two.5-mile (iv.0 km) form is the longest urban whitewater rafting and kayaking in the globe, and has been ranked the globe's best manmade whitewater course by United states Today.[37] Information technology also features the Blueish Heron Risk, a nada-line class connecting users from the Georgia side of the river to the Alabama side on an interstate zip-line over the Chattahoochee River. The course continues with several zip-lines and a ropes course on the Alabama side and completes with another zip-line back to Georgia.[38]
It has become a hub for whitewater kayakers, with outstanding continuing waves year-round. In mid-winter it is referred to as the "Wintering Grounds" for big wave surfing athletes and enthusiasts.
Court House - One-time and New
Law and authorities [edit]
Columbus Consolidated Government Center
Elected officials [edit]
Mayor [edit]
- B. H. "Skip" Henderson 3
Metropolis Quango [edit]
The city quango of Columbus, known as the Columbus Council, is composed of ten elected council members, eight of which serve individual districts and two of which serve the city at large.[39]
| Council Fellow member | District | Location[40] | Notable features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jerry "Pops" Barnes | Commune 1 | East-central |
|
| Glenn Davis | District ii | North Columbus | Green Island Country Club |
| Bruce Huff | District 3 | South Columbus | Aflac headquarters building |
| Toyia Tucker | District 4 | E |
|
| Charmaine Crabb | Commune v | N-key |
|
| Gary Allen | District 6 | Northeast | Flat Rock Park |
| Evelyn "Mimi" Woodson | District vii | Downtown | National Infantry Museum |
| Walker Garrett | District 8 | MidTown |
|
| Judy Thomas | At Big | City-wide | North/A |
| John House |
Education [edit]
Main and secondary education [edit]
The Muscogee County School Commune holds preschool to grade 12, and consists of 35 uncomplicated schools, 12 heart schools, and nine high schools.[41] [42] The district has over 2,000 total-fourth dimension teachers and over 31,899 students.[43]
Libraries [edit]
Columbus is served by four branches of the Chattahoochee Valley Libraries:
- Columbus Public Library
- Mildred L. Terry Public Library
- Northward Columbus Public Library
- South Columbus Public Library
Higher education [edit]
Public [edit]
- Columbus Land Academy
- Columbus Technical Higher
- Georgia Military Higher – master campus in Milledgeville, Georgia
Individual, for profit [edit]
- Christian Life Schoolhouse of Theology
- Miller-Motte Technical College – primary campus in Wilmington, North Carolina
- Rivertown Schoolhouse of Beauty
- Southeastern Beauty School
- Strayer University – master campus in Baltimore, Maryland
- University of Phoenix – main campus in Phoenix, Arizona
- Virginia Higher – main campus in Birmingham, Alabama
Private, nonprofit [edit]
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Fort Benning – chief campus in Daytona Embankment, FL
Media and communications [edit]
Infrastructure [edit]
Transportation [edit]
Airport [edit]
The Columbus Drome (IATA: CSG, ICAO: KCSG, FAA Chapeau: CSG) is the metro area'south principal aerodrome and the fourth-busiest airport in Georgia. It is located just off I-185, exit 8. It is served by Endeavor Air's Delta Connection service, offering several daily flights to Atlanta.[44]
Highways [edit]
-
Interstate 185
U.South. Routes [edit]
Georgia state routes [edit]
Public transit [edit]
- METRA Transit Arrangement is the primary provider of mass transportation in Muscogee Canton, currently operating 10 routes in Columbus. The current public transportation services are operated as a function of the Columbus Consolidated Government nether METRA.[45]
- Greyhound Lines provides intercity bus service with the Columbus station located on Veterans Parkway, Downtown Columbus.[46]
Through the 1960s, passenger trains of the Central of Georgia Railway made stops at Columbus Wedlock Station, including the north-south Chicago-Florida trains, the Illinois Central Railroad'southward City of Miami, and Seminole. Other trains included local Key of Georgia trains to Atlanta, Albany and Macon. The concluding trains in 1971 were the City of Miami and the Man O' State of war to Atlanta.[47]
Sis cities [edit]
Columbus has these official sister cities:[48]
See likewise [edit]
- List of neighborhoods in Columbus, Georgia
- Listing of mayors of Columbus, Georgia
- Listing of schools in Muscogee County, Georgia
- Metro Columbus
- Shannon Hosiery Manufacturing plant
- List of U.South. cities with large Black populations
References [edit]
- ^ "2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Agency. Retrieved December 18, 2021.
- ^ a b "2020 Population and Housing Country Data". United states Census Bureau. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
- ^ "United states Lath on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved Jan 31, 2008.
- ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
- ^ a b "QuickFacts: Columbus city, Georgia". United States Census Agency. Retrieved Oct ii, 2021.
- ^ "Columbus–Auburn–Opelika, GA–AL CSA: Full Population". United States Census Bureau. United states of america Office of Direction and Budget. Retrieved August 25, 2021.
- ^ Bernholz, Charles D.; Heidenreich, Sheryl (October 2009). "Loci sigilli and American Indian treaties: Reflections on the creation of volume 2 of Kappler'southward Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties". Authorities Information Quarterly. 26 (iv): 605–611. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2008.09.003. ISSN 0740-624X.
- ^ Manganiello, Christopher J. (2015). Southern Water, Southern Power : How the Politics of Cheap Free energy and Water Scarcity Shaped a Region. Chapel Hill: University of Due north Carolina Press. p. 23. ISBN9781469623306.
- ^ Stewart C. Edwards, "'To do the manufacturing for the Due south': Private Industry in Confederate Columbus." Georgia Historical Quarterly 85.4 (2001): 538–554.
- ^ McQuarrie, Gary; Chatelain, Neil P. (February 5, 2018). "Confederate Shipyards". Ceremonious State of war Navy . Retrieved August 21, 2021.
- ^ a b Knight, Lucian Lamar (July 12, 2018). "Georgia'south Landmarks, Memorials, and Legends ...: Under the lawmaking duello. Landmarks and memorials. Historic churchyards and burial-grounds. Myths and legends of the Indians. Tales of the revolutionary campsite-fires. Georgia miscellanies. Historic county seats, main towns, and noted localities". author – via Google Books.
- ^ "Lizzie Rutherford (1833–1873)". New Georgia Encyclopedia.
- ^ Logan, Mrs John A. (July 12, 2018). "Reminiscences of a Soldier'due south Wife: An Autobiography". C. Scribner'southward Sons – via Google Books.
- ^ Bellware, Daniel and Richard Gardiner, PhD. (2014). The Genesis of the Memorial Day Holiday in America. Columbus State University. pp. 1–181. ISBN978-0-692-29225-9.
- ^ [1]. Retrieved 2011-22-xi.
- ^ "Tourism domicile run: Columbus steps upward to plate, attracts one.8 meg visitors".
- ^ Base Realignment And Closure Archived April 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 11, 2011.
- ^ "U.s. Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". Usa Census Bureau. Feb 12, 2011. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.east. the highest and lowest temperature readings during an entire month or year) calculated based on information at said location from 1991 to 2020
- ^ "NowData – NOAA Online Atmospheric condition Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Assistants. Retrieved May 24, 2021.
- ^ "Station: Columbus Metro AP, GA". U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Assistants. Retrieved May 24, 2021.
- ^ "Nearly Uptown". www.uptowncolumbusga.com . Retrieved July 19, 2016.
- ^ "U.S. Decennial Demography". Census.gov. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
- ^ "Columbus (urban center), Georgia". State & County QuickFacts. U.Due south. Census Agency. Archived from the original on June xi, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Georgia – Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.South. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on Baronial 12, 2012.
- ^ a b From 15% sample
- ^ "Explore Census Information". information.census.gov . Retrieved December 12, 2021.
- ^ Churches in Columbus Retrieved August 29, 2009
- ^ [2] Consolidated Authorities of Columbus, Georgia 2017 Comprehensive Financial Report
- ^ Historic Westville
- ^ Clarification, Coca-Cola Space Science Middle website
- ^ "About the Middle".
- ^ "Westward.C. Bradley Co. Museum, Art Drove, and the D.A. Turner Memorial Chapel | W.C. Bradley Co".
- ^ Georgia Secretary of State – State Theatre, sos.state.ga.us; retrieved February 2007 (from Springer Opera House).
- ^ Trail map Archived July 18, 2011, at the Wayback Car. Retrieved July 29, 2010.
- ^ The Blackness Heritage Trail Archived July 19, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Built to thrill: 12 crazy man-made adventures". USA Today . Retrieved November four, 2015.
- ^ "Blue Heron Adventure – River Rafting – WhiteWater Express". www.whitewaterexpress.com.
- ^ "Columbus Council". Retrieved August 31, 2021.
- ^ "Urban center Council & School Board Districts: Columbus, GA". Columbus Consolidated Government Geographic Information Systems . Retrieved August 31, 2021.
- ^ List of schools in Columbus Archived January 24, 2010, at the Wayback Auto, Retrieved Sept. 2009.
- ^ Georgia Board of Education [ permanent dead link ] , Retrieved June 24, 2010.
- ^ "About Us – Commune Data and Demographics". www.muscogee.k12.ga.us.
- ^ "Columbus GA Airport -". www.flycolumbusga.com.
- ^ "Route Information". world wide web.columbusga.org . Retrieved Jan 1, 2021.
- ^ Columbus Greyhound station
- ^ Trains magazine, 'Passenger trains operating on the eve of Amtrak' https://ctr.trains.com/~/media/import/files/pdf/f/vii/7/passenger_trains_operating_on_the_eve_of_amtrak.pdf
- ^ "Commission on International Relations & Cultural Liaison Encounters – Columbus, Georgia Consolidated Government". world wide web.columbusga.org.
Further reading [edit]
- Our Town: An Introduction to the History of Columbus, Georgia by Roger Harris, 1992, Historic Columbus Foundation
- Columbus, Georgia (Black America Serial) by Judith Grant, 1999, Arcadia Publishing
- Columbus Celebrates The Millennium: An International Quest (The American Enterprise Serial) by Pamela Baker and Delane Chappell, 1999, Community Communications Inc.
- Yankee Blitzkrieg: Wilson'southward Raid Through Alabama and Georgia past James Pickett Jones, 2000, University Press of Kentucky
- Columbus, Georgia in Vintage Postcards (GA) (Postcard History Series) by Kenneth H. Thomas, Jr., 2001, Arcadia Publishing
- Enriching Lives: A History of Columbus State University, by Reagan L. Grimsley, 2008. Donning Publishing.
- Celebrated Linwood Cemetery (Images of America: Georgia) past Linda J. Kennedy, 2004, Arcadia Publishing
- Hell's Broke Loose in Georgia: Survival in a Civil State of war Regiment by Scott Walker, 2007, University of Georgia Press
- Lower Chattahoochee River (GA) (Images of America) by The Columbus Museum, 2007, Arcadia Publishing
- Columbus, Georgia, 1865: The Terminal True Battle of the Ceremonious State of war, by Charles A. Misulia, 2010, University of Alabama Press
Bibliography [edit]
External links [edit]
 | Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Columbus . |
- Official Homepage
- Columbus Georgia Consolidated Government
- Columbus (entry in the New Georgia Encyclopedia)
- . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
- . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus,_Georgia
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